"علم عِلَل الحديث" المنهجُ العِلميُّ لدراسته والكتبُ المؤلَّفةُ فيه
(The Science of Ilal Al-Hadith: The Scientific Approach to its Study)
Abstract
The science of the ilal al-hadith (hidden defects of hadith) is among the most important and difficult sciences of hadith. Hadith scholars greatly appreciate the benefits of its study. However, hadith scholars have not dedicated books specifically on the topic but addressed the issue in general terms as a topic within hadith books. To remedy this oversight, some contemporary scientists have explicitly authored on this topic wherein they have defined the most critical issues of this science and its rules. The majority of these books are not comprehensive whereby where one fails to address a topic; another addresses it. This means that the student must peruse multiple sources to form a comprehensive view on the issue. This paper presents brief summaries of these books in addition to a detailed introduction of the science and its critical dimensions in the hope that it would constitute a guideline to guide researchers on this topic.
يُعَدُّ "عِلمُ عِلَل الحديث" أحدَ أجَلِّ العلوم في الحديث النبوي مكانةً وأهميةً، وقد تكاثرت في بيان خُطورته وفوائد دراستِه أقوالُ أجلة الْحُفَّاظ والمحدِّثين. وعلى الرَّغم مِن ذلك فلم يَحْظَ هذا العلمُ لدى العلماء المتقدِّمين بعنايةٍ خاصَّةٍ بإفراده بالتأليف، إلاَّ أنَّهم قد تكلَّموا عنه في كتبهم ضِمْنَ عامَّةِ مباحث أنواع علوم الحديث وأصوله. لذلك فقد نَهَض بعضُ العلماء المعاصِرين لإفراد هذا العِلم بالتأليف، وظهر لهم فيه العديدُ من الكتب، وعرَّفوا فيها مباحثَه ومسائلَه وقواعدَه، وهذه الكتبُ على كثرتها لا يُغني بعضُها عن بعضٍ، فكلُّ واحدٍ منها يتميَّز بخصائص يخلو عنها غيرُه، فيجب على الدارسين والمتخصِّصين في الحديثِ النبويِّ الوقوفُ عليها والاستفادةُ منها؛ لذلك تراءى للباحث أن يتناول في هذا البحثِ عرضاً مُوجَزاً لتلك الكتب مع مقدّمات ضرورية تعرِّف بهذا العلم من جميع أهَمِّ جوانبه، ويُرشِد طالبَه إلى المنهج العلمي لدراسته.
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