مدى ثبوت التأذين والإقامة في أذني المولود: رؤية حديثية
The Authenticity Level of Calling Aḍhān and Iqāmah in The Ears of Newly Born Baby: A View Point Based on Hadith Science Study
الملخص
This research presents a view point regarding Prophetic traditions on the issue of calling aḍhān and iqāmah in the ears of a newly born baby. The study is aimed to probe the authenticity of this ritual. The significance of this act is vital as it is the first act which is generally practised on newly born babies by the majority of Muslims as an Islamic ritual with utmost sanctification. It is seen as an established Islamic tradition for both male and female babies upon their birth. The methodology used was extended to two phases: inductive and critical. Preliminary method revolved around the thorough scrutiny of all traditions of the Holy Prophet (s.a.w.) and narratives of his Companions on the subject. These are collected, referenced and examined by applying the method of takhrīj and studied according to the pattern of hadīh studies. The second phase involved the evaluation of available traditions and critical appreciation of their chain (sanad) and text (matan) according to the science of hadīh. It is made by issuing the final verdict on their authenticity in keeping with the rules of verification of hadīh. The researcher reached the conclusion that nothing is proved and authentic in all the Prophetic narratives on calling aḍhān and iqāmah in the ears of a newly born baby. Therefore, according to the absolute and research based opinion; we are not able to use them to prove its legitimacy in Islam.
إن هذا البحث يقدم رؤية حديثية في قضية التأذين والإقامة في أذني المولود، وهو يهدف إلى تحقيق مدى ثبوت هذا العمل عن النبي r. وإن مما يدل على أهميته أنه أوّل عمل يهتم به جمهور المسلمين لمواليدهم ذكورًا كانوا أم إناثًا بعد الولادة باعتبار أنه سنةٌ في الشريعة الإسلامية في حق المولود. واتبع فيه الباحث منهجين، وهما: المنهج الاستقرائي والمنهج النقدي، أما الأول فأستقرأ به الأحاديث والآثار التي وردت في الموضوع فجمعها وتخرجها، وأما الثاني (المنهج النقدي) فقد قام فيه الباحث بإجراء قواعد نقد السند والمتن وفق الصناعة الحديثية من خلال دراسة أسانيدها ومتونها، مع بيان الحكم على أسانيدها، وتوصل إلى أن الأحاديث المروية في الباب لم يصح عن النبي r منها شيء، وهي إما ضعيفة، وإما شديدة الضعف أو موضوعة باطلة، فلا يجوز الاستدلال بها، ولا تقوم بها الحجة في تشريع هذا العمل للمولود على القول الصحيح.
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