قواعد إثبات الحقائق التاريخية في السيرة النبوية دراسة تحليلية
The Methods of Determining Historical Facts in The History of The Prophet: An Analytical Study
الملخص
Textual criticism of the Prophetic tradition is a process that is emphasized by hadith scholars in the past and present, so that narrations are free from mistakes, forgetfulness and fabrications of the narrators. There are various yardsticks applied by the hadith scholars to criticize the text of hadith. One of the yardsticks is by comparing the text with the historical facts. This is because the narrations of al-Maghāzi and al-Siyar are considered as a practical application of the teachings of the Quran and Sunnah. Hadith scholars put a lot of effort to compile, criticize and scrutinize the narrations of al-Maghāzi and al-Siyar in order to distinguish the sound (sahih) narrations from the weak (dhaif). They had, then, compared these narrations with the historical facts. This research aims at explaining the importance of this yardstick and highlighting the rules to prove the historical facts gleaned from the writings of the hadith scholars. I relied on the inductive and analytical methodologies in this research.
إن نقد متن الحديث عملية مهمة اهتمَّ بها المحدِّثون قديماً وحديثاً لضمان سلامة الرواية من الخطأ والنسيان والكذب، وقد استخدموا عدة مقاييس لنقد المتن، ومن هذه المقاييس عرض الروايات على الحقائق التاريخية. ولما كانت المغازي والسير تعتبر تطبيقاً لتعاليم القرآن والسنة، فقد بذل العلماء جهودهم لجمع مرويات المغازي والسير ونقدها وتمحيصها حتى يتميز المقبول منها من المردود، وقاموا بعرض هذه المرويات على الحقائق التاريخية. وهذا البحث يتركز على التعريف بأهمية هذا المقياس، وببعض القواعد، لإثبات تلك الحقائق التاريخية عند المحدِّثين بالنظر إلى تصرُّفات العلماء في مؤلَّفاتهم. وسلك الباحث في هذا البحث المنهج الاستقرائي والمنهج التحليلي.
التنزيلات
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