Aliran Iḥyā’ Manhaj Al-Mutaqaddimīn dan Pembaharuan Wacana Kritik Hadis Moden
Trends of Ihya’ Manhaj Mutaqaddimin and Renewal of Modern Hadith Discourse Criticism
الملخص
The modern science of hadith discourse reveals some of the criticism of hadith; two of which have been designated as the mainstream Salafi and Sufi-madhhabi. This paper to introduce a more modern tradition of criticism named in this study as the flow Iḥyā' Manhaj al-mutaqaddimin (IMM), literally means: the revitalization of the classical methodology of hadith. Documentation method was applied to identify the main figures of this genre and review their reform ideas. The study also analyzes the establishment of rules applicable IMM sensitive discourse hadith criticism and compares with mainstream practices. The Author believes that the IMM is the academic reaction to the deviation methodology contained in most studies muta'akhirīn and modern traditions of the methodology of the previous hadith (mutaqaddimin). These deviations produce chaos in the modern tradition of criticism as reflected in the many disagreements between the leaders of mutaqaddimin and muta'akhirīn in the status of its authenticity. As this trend suggests a comprehensive reform of the science of hadith to revive the methodology adopted by the hadith riwayah phase (marhalah al-riwayah). The study concludes that the reform ideas IMM does not conflict with any principle of the science of hadith, but very important to straighten out various discrepancies found in the hadith studies.
ABSTRAK
Wacana ilmu hadis moden mendedahkan beberapa aliran dalam kritik hadis; dua di antaranya telah ditetapkan sebagai aliran perdana iaitu Salafi dan Sufi-madhhabi. Artikel ini hendak memperkenalkan sebuah lagi aliran kritik hadith moden yang dinamakan dalam kajian ini sebagai aliran Iḥyā’Manhaj al-Mutaqaddimīn (IMM), secara literal bermakna: revitalisasi metodologi ahli hadis klasik. Metode dokumentasi diaplikasikan untuk mengenal pasti tokoh-tokoh utama aliran ini dan mengkaji idea-idea pembaharuan mereka. Kajian ini turut menganalisis pendirian aliran IMM berkenaan kaedah-kaedah sensitif dalam wacana kritik hadis lalu membandingkannya dengan praktik aliran perdana. Penulis berpandangan bahawa IMM adalah reaksi akademik ke atas penyimpangan metodologi yang terkandung dalam kebanyakan kajian hadith muta’akhirīn dan moden daripada metodologi ahli hadith terdahulu (Mutaqaddimīn). Penyimpangan tersebut melahirkan kekacauan dalam kritik hadith moden sebagaimana yang tercermin dalam banyaknya perbezaan pendapat antara tokoh-tokoh muta’akhirīn dan Mutaqaddimīn berkenaan status kesahihan hadith. Justeru aliran ini mencadangkan pembaharuan ilmu hadith secara komprehensif dengan menghidupkan semula metodologi yang diamalkan oleh ahli hadis fasa riwayah (marhalah al-riwayah). Kajian ini menyimpulkan bahawa idea-idea pembaharuan IMM tidak bertentangan dengan mana-mana prinsip ilmu hadis, malah sangat penting untuk meluruskan pelbagai kekeliruan yang terdapat dalam kajian-kajian hadis semasa.
التنزيلات
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