Prospek Penjagaan Kesihatan Mental Berdasarkan Perspektif Al-Ḥakīm Al-Tirmidhī Dalam Kitab Riyāḍah Al-Nafs
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.53840/hadis.v14i28.269Keywords:
Mental Health, Dopamine, Psychospiritual, Hadith, Al-TirmidhiAbstract
The reality of mental health is a complex matter. In modern medicine, the measurement of mental health is subjective due to the limitations of the human ability to understand the actualisation of the soul. However, a review of mental health discourse in Islamic civilisation displays a holistic and dynamic perspective. Thus, this study is presented to discuss the prospects of mental health care based on the perspective of al-Ḥakīm al-Tirmidhī [W320H] in the work Riyāḍah al-Nafs. Al-Ḥakīm al-Tirmidhī is recognised as the earliest hadith scholar who featured a specific discourse on mental health through a Sufism approach. Based on the thematic textual analysis method, this qualitative study examines 32 discourses of soul entry discussed by al-Ḥakīm al-Tirmidhī in his work Riyāḍah al-Nafs. The study found that al-Ḥakīm al-Tirmidhī has successfully presented the dynamism of spiritual functions as the core of mental and physical health. Among the main perspectives presented is the need to control the human soul's desires, actions and behaviour, centring on excessive pleasure. According to him, the matter is an obstacle to peace of mind and mental health. This study found his perspective to be significant with the concept of controlling excess dopamine hormones that can affect mental health. In conclusion, the contribution of al-Ḥakīm al-Tirmidhī as early as the 3rd century Hijrah through the work of Riyāḍah al-Nafs should be recognised as a pioneering reference for the development of the psychospiritual field today.
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References
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Zaman, R. K., Nasir, K., Hussain, A. A., & Azid, M. A. A. (2021). Kesejahteraan psikologi berdasarkan praktik al-tafakkur generasi salaf: analisis perspektif hadis. HADIS, 11(22), 792-801. DOI: https://doi.org/10.53840/hadis.v11i22.167
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Al-Damāmīnī, M. A. (2009). Maṣābīḥ al-Jāmi‘. Syria: Dār al-Nawādir.
Al-Dhahabī, S. D. (1993). Tarīkh al-Islām wa Wafayāt al-Mashahīr wa al-‘Alām. Ed. ‘Umar ‘Abd al-Salām. Beirut: Dār al-Kutub al-‘Arabī.
Al-Sulamī, M. A. (2003). Ṭabaqāt al-Ṣūfiyyah wa yalīh Dhikr al-Niswah al-Muta’aabidāt al-Ṣūfiyyah. Ed. Muṣṭafā ‘Abd al-Qādir ‘Aṭā. Beirut: Dār al-Kutub al-‘Ilmiyyah.
Al-Tirmidhī, H. (1993). Adab al-Nafs. Ed. Aḥmad ‘Abd al-Raḥim al-Sāyiḥ. Mesir: Dār al-Misriyyah al-Lubnaniyyah.
Al-Tirmidhī, H. (2005). Riyāḍah al-Nafs. Ed. Ibrāhīm Shams al-Dīn. Beirut: Dār al-Kutub al-‘Ilmiyyah.
Al-Tirmidhī, M. H. (1975). Sunan al-Tirmidhī. Ed. Aḥmad Muḥammad Shākir. Mesir: Maktabah Muṣṭafā al-Ḥalabī.
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Bucolo, C., Leggio, G. M., Drago, F., & Salomone, S. (2019). Dopamine outside the brain: The eye, cardiovascular system and endocrine pancreas. Pharmacology & Therapeutics, 203, 107392. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pharmthera.2019.07.003
Dresp-Langley, B., & Hutt, A. (2022). Digital addiction and sleep. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(11), 6910. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19116910
Farshoukh, M. (2019). Propehetic Mental Health: Kesihatan Mental Berpandukan Sunnah. ‘Abqari Journal, 17(1), 75-96.
Gavin, B., Lyne, J., & McNicholas, F. (2020). Mental health and the COVID-19 pandemic. Irish journal of psychological medicine, 37(3), 156-158. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/ipm.2020.72
Grajek, M., Rozmiarek, M., Sobczyk, K., & Sas-Nowosielski, K. (2022). Electronic forms of entertainment in the context of physical activity and addiction risk–a knowledge review. Journal of Education, Health and Sport, 12(6), 130-141. DOI 10.12775/JEHS.2022.12.06.013.
Ibn Abī al-ʿIz, S. A. (1997). Sharḥ al-ʿAqidah al-Ṭaḥāwiyah. Ed. Shuʿayb al-Arnā‘ūṭ dan ʿAbdullah bin Muḥsin al-Turkī. Beirut: Muassasah al-Risālah
Ibn Mājah, M. Y. (2009). Sunan Ibn Mājah. Ed. Shu‘ayb al-Arna’ūṭ. Beirut: Dār al-Risālah al-‘Ālamiyyah.
Ibn Qayyim, M. A. B. (t.t). Al-Rūḥ Fī al-Kalām ʿAlā Arwāḥ al-Amwāt wa al-Aḥyā’ bi al-Dalā’il Min al-Kitāb wa al-Sunnah. Beirut: Dār al-Kutub al-ʿIlmiyyah.
Isgandarova, N. (2019). Muraqaba as a mindfulness-based therapy in Islamic psychotherapy. Journal of religion and health, 58(4), 1146-1160. DOI. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10943-018-0695-y
Klein, M. O., Battagello, D. S., Cardoso, A. R., Hauser, D. N., Bittencourt, J. C., & Correa, R. G. (2019). Dopamine: functions, signaling, and association with neurological diseases. Cellular and molecular neurobiology, 39(1), 31-59. DOI. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10571-018-0632-3
Korthouwer, A., Noordberg, D., & Treur, J. (2021). Desensitization Due to Overstimulation: A Second-Order Adaptive Network Model. In Computational Science–ICCS 2021: 21st International Conference, Krakow, Poland, June 16–18, 2021, Proceedings, Part II 21 (pp. 238-249). Springer International Publishing. DOI. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-77964-1_19
Moreno, C., Wykes, T., Galderisi, S., Nordentoft, M., Crossley, N., Jones, N., ... & Arango, C. (2020). How mental health care should change as a consequence of the COVID-19 pandemic. The Lancet Psychiatry, 7(9), 813-824. DOI. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2215-0366(20)30307-2
Muhsin, S. B. S. (2018). Sumbangan Abu Talib al-Makki Terhadap Pembangunan Psikologi Insan Berdasarkan Maqamat Dalam Qut al-Qulub: A Contribution of Abu Talib al-Makki to the Development of Human Psychology Based on Maqamat in Qut al-Qulub. Afkar: Jurnal Akidah & Pemikiran Islam, 20(1), 109-142. DOI: https://doi.org/10.22452/afkar.vol20no1.4
Mujica, A. L., Crowell, C. R., Villano, M. A., & Uddin, K. M. (2022). Addiction by design: Some dimensions and challenges of excessive social media use. Medical Research Archives, 10(2). DOI: https://doi.org/10.18103/mra.v10i2.2677
Muslim bin al-Ḥajjāj al-Qushayrī al-Naysabūrī (t.th). Ṣaḥīḥ Muslim, ed. Muḥammad Fu’ād ʿAbd al-Bāqī. Beirut: Dār Iḥyā’ al-Turāth al-ʿArabī.
Omonovich, C. J. (2018). The Doctrine of Muhammad Hakim Tirmidhi. International Journal of Social Sciences, 7(4), 455-460. DOI: 10.30954/2249–6637.10.2018.3
Paulus, F. W., Ohmann, S., Von Gontard, A., & Popow, C. (2018). Internet gaming disorder in children and adolescents: a systematic review. Developmental Medicine & Child Neurology, 60(7), 645-659. https://doi.org/10.1111/dmcn.13754
Qāsim, H. M. (1990). Manār al-Qārī Sharḥ Mukhtaṣar Ṣaḥīḥ al-Bukhārī, ed. ʿAbd al-Qadīr al-Arnā‘ūṭ dan Bashīr Muḥammad ʿUyūn. Damsyiq: Maktabah Dār al-Bayān
Rahim, K. Z., & Nordin, M. K. N. C. (2019). Interpretation of qur’anic tasliyah verses: A study of alternative psychotherapy treatment for neurosis’. Global Journal Al-Thaqafah, 9(2), 93. DOI: 10.7187/GJAT122019-9
Rahim, K. Z., Nasir, K., & Mamat, S. (2019). Konsep Al-Tafakkur Menurut Al-Sunnah: Kajian Perbandingan Antara Tradisi Meditasi Hindu di Dalam Proses Psikoterapi. HADIS, 9(18), 195-212. DOI: https://doi.org/10.53840/hadis.v9i18.67
Rahman, N. A., & Badaruddin, F. (2019). Pembangunan Insan Menurut Perspektif Imam Al-Harith Al-Muhasibi. Al-Takamul al-Ma’rifi, 2(2), 1-22.
Ramli, K., & Yusoff, S. H. (2019). Perubatan Nabi: Kefahaman Terhadap Sunnah Dan Praktis Perawat: Prophet’s Medicine: Understanding towards Sunnah and the Practice of Muslim Healers. ‘Abqari Journal, 17(1), 97-106.
Solinas, M., Belujon, P., Fernagut, P. O., Jaber, M., & Thiriet, N. (2019). Dopamine and addiction: what have we learned from 40 years of research. Journal of Neural Transmission, 126, 481-516. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00702-018-1957-2
Speranza, L., Di Porzio, U., Viggiano, D., de Donato, A., & Volpicelli, F. (2021). Dopamine: The neuromodulator of long-term synaptic plasticity, reward and movement control. Cells, 10(4), 735. https://doi.org/10.3390/cells 10040735
Stahl, S. M. (2018). Beyond the dopamine hypothesis of schizophrenia to three neural networks of psychosis: dopamine, serotonin, and glutamate. CNS spectrums, 23(3), 187-191. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/S1092852918001013
Whelan, E., Najmul Islam, A. K. M., & Brooks, S. (2020). Is boredom proneness related to social media overload and fatigue? A stress-strain-outcome approach. Internet Research, 30(3), 869-887. https://doi.org/10.1108/INTR-03-2019-0112
Wise, R. A., & Robble, M. A. (2020). Dopamine and addiction. Annual review of psychology, 71, 79-106. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-psych-010418-103337
World Health Organization. (2015). Update of the Mental Health Gap Action Programme (mhGAP) guidelines for mental, neurological and substance use disorders, 2015. World Health Organization. https://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/204132
Zahrān, H. A. S. (1997). Al-Tawjīh wa al-Irshād al-Nafs, ed. ke-3. T.tp: ʿĀlam al-Kutub, 1997.
Zaman, R. K., Nasir, K., & Adnan, I. (2023). Dimensi Teoretikal Psikoterapi Komplementari dalam Tafsir al-Qurṭubī: Theoretical Dimensions of Complementary Psychotherapy in Tafsir al-Qurṭubī. Maʿālim al-Qurʾān wa al-Sunnah, 19(1), 96-114.DOI: 10.33102/jmqs.v19i1.398
Zaman, R. K., Nasir, K., Adnan, I., Salleh, N. M., & Azmi, A. S. (2023). Parameter Orientasi Tafsiran Al-Quran Dalam Pembangunan Psikoterapi Abad Ke-21: The Quranic Exegesis Orientation Parameters In The Development of Psychotherapy in The 21st Century. Jurnal Pengajian Islam, 16(2), 191-206. DOI: https://doi.org/10.53840/jpi.v16i2.298
Zaman, R. K., Nasir, K., Hussain, A. A., & Azid, M. A. A. (2021). Kesejahteraan psikologi berdasarkan praktik al-tafakkur generasi salaf: analisis perspektif hadis. HADIS, 11(22), 792-801. DOI: https://doi.org/10.53840/hadis.v11i22.167
Zaman, R. K., Nasir, K., Saleh, M. M., & Ab Hamid, N. S. (2022). Kawalan Kesejahteraan Psikologi Berasaskan Konsep Psikospiritual dalam Al-Quran: Suatu Analisis: Psychological Well-Being Control Based On Psychospiritual Concepts In The Quran: An Analysis. ‘Abqari Journal, 27(1), 115-129. DOI: 10.33102/abqari.vol27no1.526
Zaman, R. K., Rashid, A. A., Nawi, N. I. M., & Muhammad, M. (2022). Model of Recovery Approaches For Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder From The Quranic Verses. Malaysian Journal of Medicine and Health Sciences, 18 (19), 99-104. DOI: https://doi.org/10.47836/mjmhs. 18. s19. 16
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Prospek Penjagaan Kesihatan Mental Berdasarkan Perspektif Al-Ḥakīm Al-Tirmidhī Dalam Kitab Riyāḍah Al-Nafs. (2024). HADIS, 14(28), 71-82. https://doi.org/10.53840/hadis.v14i28.269
